Cardiomyopathy - Causes, Symptoms Treatment
Cardiomyopathy (including peripartum cardiomyopathy and alcoholic cardiomyopathy), which is the expansion or enlargement of the ventricles of the heart and increased heart size in general. This condition can be caused by diseases heart, viruses, abuse of illicit drugs and alcohol, and genetic disorders. In addition, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (also called cardiomyopathy dilated unknown cause) is not uncommon. Dilated cardiomyopathy causes approximately 10,000 deaths annually in the United States and is one of the main causes of transplant heart.
Cardiomyopathy refers to diseases of the heart muscle. These diseases enlarge your heart muscle or make it thicker and more rigid than normal. In rare cases, scar tissue replaces the muscle tissue. Some people live a long and healthy life with cardiomyopathy. Some people do not realize they have it. In others, however, can cause the heart can not pump blood through the body. Cardiomyopathy is a heart muscle disease. There Three main types of cardiomyopathy - dilated, hypertrophic and restrictive - all of which affect your heart muscle, often making it difficult to pump blood and give the rest of his body. There are many causes of cardiomyopathy, including coronary artery disease and valvular heart disease.
Causes
About 20-30% of dilated cardiomyopathy cases have been reported as familial, although with incomplete penetrance and age-dependent, and linked to a more diverse group 20 loci and genes. Although genetically heterogeneous, the predominant mode of inheritance for dilated cardiomyopathy is autosomal dominant, with X-linked, autosomal recessive, and mitochondrial less frequent.
Cardiomyopathy can be caused by viral infections, heart attacks, alcoholism, long-term hypertension severe pressure, nutritional deficiencies (particularly selenium, thiamine and L-carnitine), systemic lupus erythematosus, celiac disease and end stage renal disease.
The most common cause of cardiomyopathy in developed countries is coronary artery disease. Heart attacks kill muscle heart by the obstruction of a coronary artery. While the damage is located in the region of muscle supplied by that artery, in a few months the whole ventricle dilated left (or remodeling) to compensate for the damage. With a small heart attack, the amount of ventricular dilation is minimal.
Symptoms
The symptoms of cardiomyopathy include shortness of breath on exertion, dizziness, fainting and angina pectoris. (Angina pectoris is chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood supply to the heart muscle.) Some people have cardiac arrhythmias. These are abnormal heart rhythms in some cases can lead to sudden death. Often an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is needed to shock the heart to restart a normal rhythm heart and prevent sudden dealth. The obstruction of blood flow from the left ventricle increases ventricular work, and a heart murmur can be heard.
Treatment
Antiarrhythmic drugs may be given to prevent abnormal heart rhythms. Most of these drugs prescribed in small doses. The dose was increased in small increments, because if the dose is too large, an antiarrhythmic drug may worsen disorders or depress heart rate pumping function. Some people have an abnormality of the heart's electrical conduction, which can be helped by a pacemaker. Physicians may consider an implantable pacemaker cardioverter-defibrillator in patients with persistent poor heart function and increased risk of sudden death.
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